Table of Contents
1. 🫀 Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Q: A 55-year-old man presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm. ECG shows ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF. Which artery is most likely blocked?
Answer: Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
✔ Explanation:
- Inferior wall MI = II, III, aVF
- Usually due to RCA occlusion
🔥 High-yield points:
- Anterior MI → LAD (V1–V4)
- Lateral MI → Circumflex (I, aVL, V5–V6)
- Inferior MI → RCA
2. 🧫 Tuberculosis Diagnosis
Q: What is the most specific test for pulmonary tuberculosis?
Answer: GeneXpert MTB/RIF
✔ Explanation:
- Detects TB DNA + rifampicin resistance in 2 hours
🔥 High-yield:
- Ziehl-Neelsen stain → quick but less sensitive
- Culture (Lowenstein-Jensen) → gold standard but slow
- GeneXpert = best for rapid diagnosis
3. 💊 Drug of choice in Anaphylaxis
Q: First-line drug in anaphylactic shock?
Answer: IM Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
✔ Explanation:
- Acts on α1 (vasoconstriction), β1, β2 (bronchodilation)
🔥 High-yield:
- Give in mid-thigh IM
- Repeat every 5–15 min if needed
- Antihistamines are NOT first-line
4. 🧠 Stroke Localization
Q: Right-sided hemiplegia with aphasia indicates lesion in?
Answer: Left middle cerebral artery (MCA)
✔ Explanation:
- Left hemisphere = language center (Broca/Wernicke)
🔥 High-yield:
- MCA → face & arm > leg weakness + aphasia
- ACA → leg > arm weakness
- PCA → visual disturbances
5. 🤰 Eclampsia Management
Q: Best drug to prevent seizures in eclampsia?
Answer: Magnesium sulfate
✔ Explanation:
- CNS depressant stabilizes neurons
🔥 High-yield (SIPS):
- Loading: 4g IV + 10g IM
- Maintenance: 5g IM 4-hourly
- Antidote: Calcium gluconate
6. 🧬 Iron Deficiency Anemia
Q: Most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide?
Answer: Iron deficiency anemia
✔ Explanation:
- Due to poor intake, blood loss, malabsorption
🔥 High-yield:
- Low ferritin = earliest marker
- High TIBC
- Treatment: oral ferrous sulfate
7. 🦠 HIV Diagnosis
Q: Screening test for HIV?
Answer: ELISA (or rapid antibody test)
✔ Explanation:
- Detects antibodies to HIV
🔥 High-yield:
- ELISA → screening
- Western blot → confirmation (less used now)
- PCR → early infant diagnosis
8. 👶 Neonatal Jaundice
Q: Physiological jaundice appears after how many hours?
Answer: After 24 hours of birth
✔ Explanation:
- Due to immature liver enzymes (UGT deficiency)
🔥 High-yield:
- Physiological:
- Appears after 24h
- Peaks day 3–5
- Pathological: within 24h (always abnormal)
9. 🧪 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis
Q: Diagnostic fasting blood glucose for diabetes?
Answer: ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)
✔ Explanation:
- Confirms impaired glucose metabolism
🔥 High-yield:
- FBS ≥126 mg/dL
- RBS ≥200 mg/dL + symptoms
- HbA1c ≥6.5%
10. ⚕️ Most common site of peptic ulcer
Q: Most common site of duodenal ulcer?
Answer: First part of duodenum (bulb)
✔ Explanation:
- Acid exposure highest here
🔥 High-yield:
- Duodenal ulcer → pain relieved by food
- Gastric ulcer → pain worsens with food
📌 Ultra High-Yield Revision Summary (Exam Favorites)
🚨 Must-remember lists:
- MI leads & arteries
- TB diagnosis hierarchy (GeneXpert > culture > smear)
- Anaphylaxis = adrenaline
- Eclampsia = magnesium sulfate
- HIV = ELISA screening
- Diabetes cutoff values
- Neonatal jaundice timing rules