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1. 🫀 Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Q: A 55-year-old man presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm. ECG shows ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF. Which artery is most likely blocked?

Answer: Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

✔ Explanation:

• Inferior wall MI = II, III, aVF
• Usually due to RCA occlusion

🔥 High-yield points:

• Anterior MI → LAD (V1–V4)
• Lateral MI → Circumflex (I, aVL, V5–V6)
• Inferior MI → RCA

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2. 🧫 Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Q: What is the most specific test for pulmonary tuberculosis?

Answer: GeneXpert MTB/RIF

✔ Explanation:

• Detects TB DNA + rifampicin resistance in 2 hours

🔥 High-yield:

• Ziehl-Neelsen stain → quick but less sensitive
• Culture (Lowenstein-Jensen) → gold standard but slow
• GeneXpert = best for rapid diagnosis

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3. 💊 Drug of choice in Anaphylaxis

Q: First-line drug in anaphylactic shock?

Answer: IM Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

✔ Explanation:

• Acts on α1 (vasoconstriction), β1, β2 (bronchodilation)

🔥 High-yield:

• Give in mid-thigh IM
• Repeat every 5–15 min if needed
• Antihistamines are NOT first-line

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4. 🧠 Stroke Localization

Q: Right-sided hemiplegia with aphasia indicates lesion in?

Answer: Left middle cerebral artery (MCA)

✔ Explanation:

• Left hemisphere = language center (Broca/Wernicke)

🔥 High-yield:

• MCA → face & arm > leg weakness + aphasia
• ACA → leg > arm weakness
• PCA → visual disturbances

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5. 🤰 Eclampsia Management

Q: Best drug to prevent seizures in eclampsia?

Answer: Magnesium sulfate

✔ Explanation:

• CNS depressant stabilizes neurons

🔥 High-yield (SIPS):

• Loading: 4g IV + 10g IM
• Maintenance: 5g IM 4-hourly
• Antidote: Calcium gluconate

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6. 🧬 Iron Deficiency Anemia

Q: Most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide?

Answer: Iron deficiency anemia

✔ Explanation:

• Due to poor intake, blood loss, malabsorption

🔥 High-yield:

• Low ferritin = earliest marker
• High TIBC
• Treatment: oral ferrous sulfate

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7. 🦠 HIV Diagnosis

Q: Screening test for HIV?

Answer: ELISA (or rapid antibody test)

✔ Explanation:

• Detects antibodies to HIV

🔥 High-yield:

• ELISA → screening
• Western blot → confirmation (less used now)
• PCR → early infant diagnosis

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8. 👶 Neonatal Jaundice

Q: Physiological jaundice appears after how many hours?

Answer: After 24 hours of birth

✔ Explanation:

• Due to immature liver enzymes (UGT deficiency)

🔥 High-yield:

• Physiological:
  • Appears after 24h
  • Peaks day 3–5
• Pathological: within 24h (always abnormal)

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9. 🧪 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis

Q: Diagnostic fasting blood glucose for diabetes?

Answer: ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)

✔ Explanation:

• Confirms impaired glucose metabolism

🔥 High-yield:

• FBS ≥126 mg/dL
• RBS ≥200 mg/dL + symptoms
• HbA1c ≥6.5%

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10. ⚕️ Most common site of peptic ulcer

Q: Most common site of duodenal ulcer?

Answer: First part of duodenum (bulb)

✔ Explanation:

• Acid exposure highest here

🔥 High-yield:

• Duodenal ulcer → pain relieved by food
• Gastric ulcer → pain worsens with food

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📌 Ultra High-Yield Revision Summary (Exam Favorites)

🚨 Must-remember lists:

• MI leads & arteries
• TB diagnosis hierarchy (GeneXpert > culture > smear)
• Anaphylaxis = adrenaline
• Eclampsia = magnesium sulfate
• HIV = ELISA screening
• Diabetes cutoff values
• Neonatal jaundice timing rules