Which artery is the main supplier of blood to the brain? a) Carotid artery b) Femoral artery c) Radial artery d) Ulnar artery
The brachial plexus originates from which spinal nerves? a) C3-C7 b) C5-T1 c) L1-L5 d) T1-T5
Physiology
What is the normal resting cardiac output in an adult? a) 3 L/min b) 5 L/min c) 8 L/min d) 10 L/min
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary? a) Prolactin b) Oxytocin c) Insulin d) Aldosterone
Pharmacology
Which of the following drugs is a beta-blocker? a) Losartan b) Metoprolol c) Amlodipine d) Digoxin
Warfarin acts by inhibiting which vitamin-dependent clotting factors? a) I, II, V, VIII b) II, VII, IX, X c) XI, XII, XIII d) III, IV, VII, X
Biochemistry
Which of the following is an essential amino acid? a) Glycine b) Lysine c) Proline d) Tyrosine
The end product of purine metabolism in humans is: a) Urea b) Uric acid c) Creatinine d) Ammonia
Pathology
Which type of necrosis is commonly seen in tuberculosis? a) Liquefactive b) Coagulative c) Caseous d) Fat
A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) most likely has which chromosomal abnormality? a) Philadelphia chromosome b) Trisomy 21 c) Turner syndrome d) Patau syndrome
Microbiology
Gram-negative bacteria possess which unique cell wall component? a) Peptidoglycan b) Lipopolysaccharide c) Teichoic acid d) Mycolic acid
Which organism causes gas gangrene? a) Clostridium difficile b) Clostridium perfringens c) Clostridium tetani d) Staphylococcus aureus
Forensic Medicine
Rigor mortis first starts in which muscle group? a) Face b) Chest c) Abdomen d) Legs
What is the legal age of consent for medical procedures in most countries? a) 14 years b) 16 years c) 18 years d) 21 years
Community Medicine
What is the incubation period of measles? a) 2-4 days b) 7-14 days c) 21-28 days d) 30-40 days
Herd immunity provides protection to which group? a) Vaccinated individuals b) Unvaccinated individuals c) All individuals d) Only immune-compromised individuals
Anatomy
Which artery is the main supplier of blood to the brain? a) Carotid artery b) Femoral artery c) Radial artery d) Ulnar artery
The brachial plexus originates from which spinal nerves? a) C3-C7 b) C5-T1 c) L1-L5 d) T1-T5
The sciatic nerve is a branch of which plexus? a) Cervical b) Brachial c) Lumbar d) Sacral
The sphenoid bone is located in which part of the body? a) Skull b) Pelvis c) Thorax d) Vertebral column
The functional unit of the kidney is called: a) Nephron b) Alveolus c) Hepatocyte d) Osteon
Physiology
What is the normal resting cardiac output in an adult? a) 3 L/min b) 5 L/min c) 8 L/min d) 10 L/min
Which hormone regulates water balance in the body? a) Insulin b) ADH c) Aldosterone d) Cortisol
The primary pacemaker of the heart is: a) AV node b) SA node c) Bundle of His d) Purkinje fibers
The Bohr effect describes the influence of: a) pH on oxygen binding to hemoglobin b) Carbon dioxide on hemoglobin structure c) Oxygen affinity of myoglobin d) Blood pressure regulation
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration? a) Proximal tubule b) Loop of Henle c) Glomerulus d) Collecting duct
Pharmacology
Which drug class is used as first-line treatment for hypertension? a) Beta-blockers b) ACE inhibitors c) Calcium channel blockers d) Diuretics
Which of the following drugs is a beta-blocker? a) Losartan b) Metoprolol c) Amlodipine d) Digoxin
Warfarin acts by inhibiting which vitamin-dependent clotting factors? a) I, II, V, VIII b) II, VII, IX, X c) XI, XII, XIII d) III, IV, VII, X
Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis? a) Tetracycline b) Penicillin c) Erythromycin d) Ciprofloxacin
Biochemistry
Which of the following is an essential amino acid? a) Glycine b) Lysine c) Proline d) Tyrosine
The end product of purine metabolism in humans is: a) Urea b) Uric acid c) Creatinine d) Ammonia
Which vitamin is required for collagen synthesis? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
What is the primary storage form of glucose in the liver? a) Glycogen b) Starch c) Cellulose d) Glucose-6-phosphate
Pathology
Which type of necrosis is commonly seen in tuberculosis? a) Liquefactive b) Coagulative c) Caseous d) Fat
A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) most likely has which chromosomal abnormality? a) Philadelphia chromosome b) Trisomy 21 c) Turner syndrome d) Patau syndrome
Anatomy (5 Questions)
Which artery is the main supplier of blood to the brain? a) Carotid artery b) Femoral artery c) Radial artery d) Ulnar artery
The brachial plexus originates from which spinal nerves? a) C3-C7 b) C5-T1 c) L1-L5 d) T1-T5
The sciatic nerve is a branch of which plexus? a) Cervical b) Brachial c) Lumbar d) Sacral
The sphenoid bone is located in which part of the body? a) Skull b) Pelvis c) Thorax d) Vertebral column
The functional unit of the kidney is called: a) Nephron b) Alveolus c) Hepatocyte d) Osteon
Physiology
What is the normal resting cardiac output in an adult? a) 3 L/min b) 5 L/min c) 8 L/min d) 10 L/min
Which hormone regulates water balance in the body? a) Insulin b) ADH c) Aldosterone d) Cortisol
The primary pacemaker of the heart is: a) AV node b) SA node c) Bundle of His d) Purkinje fibers
The Bohr effect describes the influence of: a) pH on oxygen binding to hemoglobin b) Carbon dioxide on hemoglobin structure c) Oxygen affinity of myoglobin d) Blood pressure regulation
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration? a) Proximal tubule b) Loop of Henle c) Glomerulus d) Collecting duct
Pharmacology
Which drug class is used as first-line treatment for hypertension? a) Beta-blockers b) ACE inhibitors c) Calcium channel blockers d) Diuretics
Which of the following drugs is a beta-blocker? a) Losartan b) Metoprolol c) Amlodipine d) Digoxin
Warfarin acts by inhibiting which vitamin-dependent clotting factors? a) I, II, V, VIII b) II, VII, IX, X c) XI, XII, XIII d) III, IV, VII, X
Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis? a) Tetracycline b) Penicillin c) Erythromycin d) Ciprofloxacin
Biochemistry
Which of the following is an essential amino acid? a) Glycine b) Lysine c) Proline d) Tyrosine
The end product of purine metabolism in humans is: a) Urea b) Uric acid c) Creatinine d) Ammonia
Which vitamin is required for collagen synthesis? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
What is the primary storage form of glucose in the liver? a) Glycogen b) Starch c) Cellulose d) Glucose-6-phosphate
Pathology
Which type of necrosis is commonly seen in tuberculosis? a) Liquefactive b) Coagulative c) Caseous d) Fat
A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) most likely has which chromosomal abnormality? a) Philadelphia chromosome b) Trisomy 21 c) Turner syndrome d) Patau syndrome
Pathology
Which type of necrosis is commonly seen in tuberculosis? a) Liquefactive b) Coagulative c) Caseous d) Fat
A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) most likely has which chromosomal abnormality? a) Philadelphia chromosome b) Trisomy 21 c) Turner syndrome d) Patau syndrome
Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible cell injury? a) Cellular swelling b) Mitochondrial damage c) Ribosomal detachment d) Membrane blebbing
A 45-year-old smoker presents with a persistent cough and hemoptysis. A biopsy of the lung shows keratin pearls and intercellular bridges. What is the most likely diagnosis? a) Small cell carcinoma b) Adenocarcinoma c) Squamous cell carcinoma d) Large cell carcinoma
Which of the following tumors is associated with the RB gene mutation? a) Wilms tumor b) Retinoblastoma c) Neuroblastoma d) Osteosarcoma
Which inflammatory cells predominate in chronic inflammation? a) Neutrophils b) Macrophages c) Eosinophils d) Mast cells
Which of the following is a common finding in amyloidosis? a) Apple-green birefringence under polarized light b) Caseous necrosis c) Mallory bodies d) Reed-Sternberg cells
Microbiology
Which of the following bacteria is an obligate intracellular pathogen? a) Escherichia coli b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis c) Chlamydia trachomatis d) Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-positive cocci in clusters, catalase-positive, and coagulase-positive bacteria are characteristic of: a) Streptococcus pneumoniae b) Staphylococcus aureus c) Streptococcus pyogenes d) Enterococcus faecalis
Which of the following is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide? a) Rotavirus b) Norovirus c) Adenovirus d) Astrovirus
A Ziehl-Neelsen stain is used to detect which microorganism? a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis b) Clostridium difficile c) Neisseria meningitidis d) Salmonella typhi
Forensic Medicine
Which of the following is an example of an antemortem sign of hanging? a) Fracture of the hyoid bone b) Dribbling of saliva c) Tardieu’s spots d) Postmortem lividity
Which of the following is a sign of drowning? a) Pugilistic attitude b) Cutis anserina (goosebumps) c) Cherry-red discoloration of the skin d) Rigor mortis
In forensic medicine, the term “Pugilistic attitude” is commonly seen in: a) Hanging b) Drowning c) Fire-related deaths d) Cyanide poisoning
The best method for determining the age of a person between 14 and 21 years is: a) X-ray of the skull b) X-ray of the wrist and elbow c) Dental examination d) Anthropometry
Which of the following poisons leads to bright red-colored postmortem blood? a) Arsenic b) Cyanide c) Carbon monoxide d) Lead
Which is the first organ to putrefy in a dead body? a) Brain b) Liver c) Heart d) Lungs
Community Medicine
Which of the following is the most commonly used measure of disease frequency in epidemiology? a) Incidence rate b) Case fatality rate c) Prevalence d) Relative risk
The best method for assessing the nutritional status of a community is: a) Body Mass Index (BMI) b) Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) c) Dietary recall d) Growth monitoring
The term “herd immunity” refers to: a) Immunity in animals b) Protection of unvaccinated individuals in a population c) Immunity achieved through natural infection d) Resistance to all infections
The SAFE strategy is used for the control of: a) Tuberculosis b) Malaria c) Trachoma d) Dengue fever
The primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) program is to: a) Reduce hospital admissions b) Reduce under-five mortality c) Improve vaccination coverage d) Treat all children with antibiotics
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a) Pap smear screening for cervical cancer b) Immunization c) Rehabilitation of stroke patients d) Chemotherapy for cancer
The recommended salt intake to prevent hypertension, as per WHO guidelines, is: a) Less than 2 grams per day b) Less than 5 grams per day c) Less than 10 grams per day d) Less than 15 grams per day
The denominator in calculating the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is: a) Total number of births in a year b) Total number of live births in a year c) Total number of stillbirths in a year d) Total number of infants admitted to the hospital
Which of the following is an essential component of primary health care? a) Specialized tertiary care services b) Provision of MRI and CT scan facilities c) Equitable distribution of health services d) Advanced cardiac interventions
The color code for a “sharp waste container” in biomedical waste management is: a) Red b) Yellow c) Blue d) White
Medicine
A 65-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with sudden-onset unilateral weakness of the right arm and leg. The most likely cause is: a) Myasthenia gravis b) Stroke c) Guillain-Barré syndrome d) Multiple sclerosis
Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? a) Diabetes mellitus b) Hypertension c) Polycystic kidney disease d) Glomerulonephritis
Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with Addison’s disease? a) Hypernatremia b) Hypokalemia c) Hyperkalemia d) Hypocalcemia
The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is: a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Streptococcus pneumoniae c) Klebsiella pneumoniae d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which sign is most suggestive of pericardial tamponade? a) Beck’s triad b) Battle’s sign c) Trousseau’s sign d) Grey Turner’s sign
A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, pallor, and glossitis. Laboratory investigations show a low hemoglobin level and an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The most likely diagnosis is: a) Iron deficiency anemia b) Vitamin B12 deficiency c) Thalassemia d) Anemia of chronic disease
Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? a) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis b) Toxic multinodular goiter c) Graves’ disease d) Iodine deficiency
A patient with a long history of alcohol abuse presents with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible? a) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) b) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) c) Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) d) Vitamin D
Which of the following is a key feature of nephrotic syndrome? a) Hematuria b) Hypertension c) Proteinuria >3.5 g/day d) Oliguria
A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and a fasting blood glucose of 300 mg/dL. The most likely diagnosis is: a) Diabetes insipidus b) Type 1 diabetes mellitus c) Type 2 diabetes mellitus d) Cushing’s syndrome
Which of the following drugs is most commonly associated with causing drug-induced lupus? a) Methotrexate b) Hydralazine c) Ibuprofen d) Aspirin
Which heart sound is characteristically heard in mitral stenosis? a) Opening snap b) S3 gallop c) Ejection click d) Wide splitting of S2
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus? a) Phenytoin b) Diazepam c) Carbamazepine d) Valproic acid
